A Survey on Fault Tolerant Multipath Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of large number of energy constrained sensor nodes that are randomly deployed. Sensor nodes have the ability to sense and send data towards the base station (BS). Sensor nodes require large amount of energy for data transmission. So while transmission, some nodes die because of energy depletion. In this case, chance of data loss increases. In order to reduce the data loss fault tolerance technique are used. To provide fault tolerance some Multipath Routing Protocol (MRP) are proposed, which can be classified in two ways i.e. alternative path routing or retransmission and concurrent routing protocol or replication. In MRP, multiple paths are used to send data from source to destination, where if one node fails during data transmission, another node can be used to transmit the same data to the destination by following other optimal path. In this paper we survey various multipath routing protocols along with their fault tolerance schemes and compare each protocol with various parameters.